历史系男生

The History Boys，根据剧情，与其说是“历史系男生”或是“高校男生”，不如翻译成“学习历史的大学预科男生”。

英国人的校园电影果然好美国人的《美国派》之流完全两样，高中校园里的美国孩子们似乎都是些被牛肉汉堡催熟的发育过剩整天满脑子只想找个大胸MM上垒的单细胞动物；而The History Boys里的高三男生们，个个修养良好，精通文学历史艺术音乐法语等等，都是牛津剑桥都迫不及待要将之招致麾下的精英。

当然，有青春少年的地方就有青春的萌动和憧憬。

显然，美国派中的美国孩子们个个都是毋庸置疑的异性恋，天天想着大胸MM就是最好的证明么；而The History Boys的英国精英男孩们，则几乎都带点偏阴柔的“玻璃”倾向，恩，可能这和他们的老师有关，那个身体庞大的像一艘航空母舰的胖老头HECTOR，最大的爱好居然是将手伸向坐在他摩托车后座上的男孩的EGG，像他这样体重的老家伙竟然也骑摩托，倒也是一大奇观。

貌似温文尔雅的年轻教师Irwin，其实也是一个隐藏的同性恋者，但面对英俊男学生DAKIN的热烈挑逗，他终究还是胆怯的退缩了。

由话剧改编的痕迹还是很明显的，男孩们的表演也带有极强的话剧腔。

1、The History Boys讲述的是一群英国高中生，也就是一群非常鲜嫩活泼的青春肉体，在那个骚动、迷惘、正在逐渐建立起自己人生的价值观、寻找自己的种种人生角色、并为了未来而全情努力的高考阶段的故事。

这部电影涉及了很多议题，有迷惘青春的私密成长，有同志身份的认同与隐瞒，有对教育制度、教育观的审视与对抗，中间穿插了文学与历史的思辨、诱惑、赞美与传传承，通过两代人饱含机智、幽默和脉脉温情的交锋，传递了对生命、价值的思考。

2、电影上映时间2006年10月13日（英国），戏剧原作上演时间2004年5月（伦敦利特尔顿剧院）2006年4月23日（美国百老汇）。

话剧获得2006年6项托尼奖，包括最佳话剧奖、最佳导演奖、最佳女配角奖、最佳男演员奖,、最佳美术设计奖和最佳灯光设计奖。

托尼奖在戏剧界相当于电影界的奥斯卡，美国戏剧界最高奖项。

3、导演Nicholas Hytner是英国国家剧院经营人，话剧导演。

剧作者Alan Bennett艾伦班尼特，英国著名剧作家，文化名人，在英国家喻户晓、获奖无数。

爸爸是个屠夫，牛津大学历史系出身，留校任教中世纪历史几年后，转为专职写作。

从1960年代开始投身剧本创作，并以自身担任导演及演员的经验为基础，写出许多精采佳作。

他以《The History Boys》赢得戏剧界最高荣誉托尼奖，并曾以《疯狂乔治王》（The Madness of King George）入围奥斯卡最佳改编剧本。

他也出版散文集《Writing Home》及自传作品《Untold Stories》等。

他1997年身患癌症，当时开始撰写Untold Stories，抱着离世的心情写作，自传中首次透露了他的同性恋身份（他之前跟女性也有过关系）。

后来他的癌症得以治愈，自传正式出版。

目前他与他的男伴已经相处了14年，一直居住在伦敦。

他最近的一本散文集《非普通读者》，虚构了一个英国女王迷恋读书之后种种疯狂行径的故事，在英国大受好评，目前相继在台湾、大陆出版了中文译本。

4、影片背景设置在1983年英国谢菲尔德一所男子高中文法学校。

为什么要设置在这个年代呢，这跟英国的高考制度有关。

概括地说，英国高考称为A-LEVEL考试，有几十项科目可以选择，学生至少学习三门课程，只要在两门课的考试中取得E即可达到一些普通大学的入学标准，较好的大学要求学生3门课的成绩均达到C以上。

而一流大学如牛津、剑桥等名校则要求申请学生3门课的成绩达到AAA或AAB。

而在1983年那个年代，牛津和剑桥有专门的入学考试，拿到3个A的学生，还要开始一段为期一个月、所谓的seventh-term，主要针对某一科目进行深造，以应对牛津和剑桥的考试。

此后不久牛津和剑桥就改变了入学考试方式，废除了所谓的seventh-term，所以影片设置在1983年。

本片中这所男校中有8个学生拿到了3个A的成绩，他们回到校园，继续学习，他们选择的科目是历史。

一心追求名校升学率的校长，生怕原有的历史老师不够资格、太保守，不能应付牛津的考试，因此聘请到一位新的历史老师，这位老师据说出身牛津，充满活力，并且了解牛津要什么样的学生。

校长希望新历史老师的专门辅导能够帮助他们登上牛津剑桥的宝座。

The History Boys的故事由此展开。

5、电影版演员与戏剧版首演演员完全一致。

老师阵营为谢菲尔德男校校长、历史老师Mrs Dorothy Lintott、语文与常识课老师Hector海克特（Richard Griffiths）、历史老师Irwin欧文（Stephen Campbell Moore）等。

学生主要有Dakin、Posner、Akthar、Crowther、Lockwood、Rudge、Scripps、Timms。

Hector扮演者Richard Griffiths是英国著名演员，饰演多部莎剧丑角，《哈利波特》电影中扮演哈利的姨父。

老爷子对戏剧有很高的崇敬，比如有次演出，有观众手机铃声响了6次，他忍无可忍，终于中止表演让该观众出去。

2008年新年接受女王授勋。

Dakin扮演者Dominic Cooper，1978年生，伦敦音乐戏剧艺术学院科班出身。

主演过妈妈咪呀等剧。

今年5月刚跟女友分手。

目前跟HISTORY BOYS里中扮演Timms的胖子住在一起。

曾登上2008年7月号英国版Attitude杂志封面，此为著名同志杂志。

Posner扮演者Samuel Barnett，1980年生，自幼表演，同样是伦敦音乐戏剧艺术学院出身，平日最爱去国家剧院酒吧，爱读科幻小说，如菲利浦普曼的《黑暗元素三部曲》，他也主演了这部话剧。

他还是哈利波特和魔戒的爱好者，最爱读狄更斯。

I'm wild againbe geld againa simipering,whimpering child againbewiched, bothered and bewilderedI'm on...couldn't sleep. I wouldn't sleepwhen love came and told me I shouldn't sleepbewiched, bothered and bewilderedI'm on...lost my heartbut what of ithe is cold I agreehe can laugh but I love italthough the love saw meI'll sing to himeach spring to himand worship the trousers that cling to himbewiched, bothered and bewilderedI'm on...17、8岁的聪明学生，算得上真正意气风发，就要为实现人生第一个目标努力，结果也清晰可见。

有那么点小烦恼小困惑，是今后无数烦恼困惑的开始和演习，但此时都还没有那么痛只是有点痒。

再来看看大人们的情况：Hector教学方法这样新奇，鼓励学生为兴趣而活，结果呢已婚的男人却是同性恋者；Irwin激发大家说得新奇，一击即中，但扯谎说自己来自牛津；Dorothy的大脑容量驱不散“History is woman following behind with a bucket”的想法；校长是所有被升学利益诱惑的典型。

人不管到不到中年都开始有自己的隐痛，哪像自以为成熟的孩子们样样都可以摊开来在阳光下晒，活得透明。

回头看看走过的二十年，一开始也都个个明媚笑得灿烂，生活不知几时开始把每一人运送进不同轨道。

或者，每一人不知几时开始把生活搞糟。

那又怎么样呢？

这就是人生吧，要你尝遍每一种滋味，然后才有所体会，什么是酸什么是甜，还有所谓bittersweet，要你领会快乐总是比痛苦长存。

如题。

转：[extract from Act One of The History Boys by Alan Bennett]Classroom T : So we arrive eventually at the less-than-startling discovery that so far as the poets are concerned, the First World War gets the thumbs-down. We have the mountains of dead on both sides, right... "hecatombs", as you all seem to have read somewhere....Anybody know what it means?S1 : "Great public sacrifice of many victims, originally of oxen."S2 : Which, sir, since Wilfred Owen says men were dying like cattle, is the appropriate word.T : True, but no need to look so smug about it. What else? Come on, tick them all off.S3 : Trench warfare. S4 : Barrenness of the strategy.....[different suggestions from students]S5 : Collapse of Weiner Republic. Internal disorder. And... The Rise of Hitler !! T : So the overall conclusion is that the origins of the Second World War lie in the unsatisfactory outcome of the First. S5 : (doubtfully) Yes. (with more certainty) Yes. (Others students noded).T : First class. Bristol welcomes you with open arms. Manchester longs to have you. You can walk into Leeds. But I am a fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, and I have just read seventy papers saying the same thing and I am asleep....S6 : But it's all true. T : What has that got to do with it? What has that got to do with anything? Let's go back to 1914 and I'll put you a different case. Try this for size. Germany does not want war and if there is an arms race it is Britain who is leading it. Though there's no reason why we should want war. Nothing in it for us. Better stand back and let Germany and Russia fight it out while we take the imperial pickings. These are the facts. Why do we not care to acknowledge them? The cattle, the body count. We still don't like to admit the war was even partly our fault because so many of our people died. A photograph on very mantelpiece. And all this mourning has veiled the truth. It's not so much lest we forget, as lest we remember. Because you should realize that so far as the Cenotaph and the Last Post and all that stuff is concerned, there's no better way of forgetting something than by commemorating it. And S2.S2 : Sir?T : You were the one who was morally superior about Haig. (see bio of Haig)S2 : Passchendaele. The Somme. He was a butcher, sir.T : Yes, but at least he delivered the goods. No, no, the real enemy to Haig's subsequent reputation was the Unknown Solider. If Haig had had any sense he'd have had him disinterred and shot all over again for giving comfort to the enemy.S4 : So what about the poets, then?T : What about them? If you read what they actually say as distinct from what they wirte, most of them seem to have enjoyed the war. Siegfried Sassoon was a good officer. Saint Wilfred Owen couldn't wait to get back to his company. Both of them surprisingly bloodthirsty. Poetry is good up to a point. Adds flavour.S2 : It's the foreskin again, isn't it? Bit of garnish.T : (ignoring this) But if you want to relate the politics to the war, forget Wilfred Owen and try Kipling : ...S7 : Thanks a lot.T : "If any question why we died, Tell them because our fathers lied." In other words...S8 : Oh, no sir. With respect, can I stop you ? No, with a poem or any work of art we can never say "in other words". If it is a work of art there are no other words.S4 : Yes, sir. That's why it is a work of art in the first place. You can't look at a Rembrandt and say "in other words", can you, sir?S9 : So what's the verdict then, sir? What do I write down? T : You can write down, S9, that "I must not write down every word that teacher says."You can also write down that the First World War was a mistake. It was not a tragedy. And as for the truth, S6, which you were worrying about : truth is no more at issue in an examination than thirst at a wine-tasting or fashion at a striptease.S2 : Do you really believe that, sir, or are you just trying to make us think?S6 : You can't explain away the poetry, sir. S4 : No sir. Art wins in the end...

抽了一个下午看完，完全没想到有同志主题，据说原版话剧很棒，应该没错，那每一句台词，别说听，光是看字幕也是享受．英伦的男同志片之多，质量之高，男色之美（Hugh Grant, Jude Law），恐怕是美国所难以企及的．同是校园题材，饱受好评的＜死亡诗社＞中师生关系展现得是如此的＂清教徒＂，如此的悲怆．那部片中的老师迫于学生自杀的压力只得离开，让人不禁悲从中来；而这部片里那胖胖的Hector交通意外身亡，都没有把人煽出眼泪来．当老师被还原成一个普通人之后，似乎不太容易引发悲剧，一切他个人的笑或泪都属于我们，一切他个人的好与坏也都会在我们身上找到，这时候被解放的不仅仅是老师本人，更是我们自己．尽管剧中人都说着难听的约克郡英语（比曼彻斯特的略好点），不过瑕不掩瑜，无论是对话还是穿插其中的钢琴伴奏清唱都美不胜收。

不过，英国式幽默的确不太好理解，特别像我这种泡在美剧里的要换个脑子还不那么容易。

剧中最出彩的除了胖子Hector以外当属女历史老师了。

在帮助学生预演入学面试的那一幕中，她提醒学生考官可能有女性，然后激情昂扬地发表了一篇“女权主义”的历史批判：Can you for a moment imagine how depressing it is to teach five centuries of masculine ineptitude? Why do you think there is no woman historians on TV? I'll tell you why because history is not such a frolic for women as for men. Why should it be? They (women) never get around the conference table. In 1919, they just ... arranged the flowers, then gracefully retired. History is a commentary on the various and continuing incapabilities of men. What is history? History is woman following behind with a bucket. 如果说这是西方女性对于西方历史的“女权主义”解读，那么我不知道就我所知的中国历史如果让我来解读是否应该是 History is women obliterated, exploited, destroyed, distorted, manipulated and manipulating men from behind. 客观一点来看，真如莫文蔚所唱的：男人大可不必百口莫辩，女人实在无须楚楚可怜。

如今的时尚是“混搭”，不仅仅是服装，还有美食，讲究fusion cuisine，电影也是如此，要么把不同族群的人混搭起来，要么把不同的元素揉在一起，成为一个美妙的大疙瘩。

考据癖如我找了找片中提到的诗歌。

原诗在前，网上能找到的中文译本放在后面。

这几首里我最喜欢是《鼓手霍奇》。

[No.1] 眠歌- []LullabyBy W.H.AudenLay your sleeping head, my love, Human on my faithless arm; Time and fevers burn awayIndividual beauty fromThoughtful children, and the graveProves the child ephemeral: But in my arms till break of dayLet the living creature lie, Mortal, guilty, but to meThe entirely beautiful.Soul and body have no bounds: To lovers as they lie uponHer tolerant enchanted slopeIn their ordinary swoon, Grave the vision Venus sendsOf supernatural sympathy, Universal love and hope; While an abstract insight wakesAmong the glaciers and the rocksThe hermit's carnal ecstasy.Certainty, fidelityOn the stroke of midnight passLike vibrations of a bellAnd fashionable madmen raiseTheir pedantic boring cry: Every farthing cost, All the dreaded cards foretell, Shall be paid, but from this nightNot a whisper, not a thought, Not a kiss nor look be lost.Beauty, midnight, vision dies: Let the winds of dawn that blowSoftly round your dreaming headSuch a day of welcome showEye and knocking heart may bless, Find our mortal world enough; Noons of dryness find you fedBy the involuntary powers, Nights of insult let you passWatched by every human love.　摇篮曲　　薛舟 译放下你沉睡的头，我的爱，在我背叛的臂弯里：时间和热病烧掉了个体的美丽，从沉思的孩子身上，坟墓证明那孩子的短命：但在破晓之前，先让仅存的生者躺在我的臂弯，平凡、有罪，对我来说却是彻底的美丽。

爱人们的灵魂和肉体没有界限：当他们躺在惯常的陶醉中那被施以魔法的宽容的斜坡，铭记下维纳斯送来超自然的同情心、以及普遍的爱和希望的幻象；当一个抽象的顿悟从冰河与岩石中唤醒隐士世俗的狂热。

确定性，和忠诚在午夜钟声的敲打中走开像一个铃铛在颤动时髦的疯子提高了他们书生气的烦人的喊叫：损失掉的每一法寻都要被偿还。

所有恐怖的纸牌的预言都要得到兑现。

但不是从这个夜晚也不是一声耳语，一个想法不是一个吻，更不是错过的一瞥。

美、午夜、幻象都将死去：就让黎明的风吹着轻柔地环绕你做梦的头这样受欢迎的一天显示出眼睛和搏动的心脏或许在祝福，发现我们平凡的世界已经足够；干燥的正午你已经被喂饱被一种不经意的力量，凌辱之夜允许你通过在每一对世间爱人的注视下。

　[No.2] 美术馆- []Musée des Beaux Arts By W. H. AudenAbout suffering they were never wrong, The Old Masters; how well, they understood Its human position; how it takes place While someone else is eating or opening a window or just walking dully along; How, when the aged are reverently, passionately waiting For the miraculous birth, there always must be Children who did not specially want it to happen, skating On a pond at the edge of the wood: They never forgot That even the dreadful martyrdom must run its course Anyhow in a corner, some untidy spot Where the dogs go on with their doggy life and the torturer's horse Scratches its innocent behind on a tree. In Breughel's Icarus, for instance: how everything turns away Quite leisurely from the disaster; the ploughman may Have heard the splash, the forsaken cry, But for him it was not an important failure; the sun shone As it had to on the white legs disappearing into the green Water; and the expensive delicate ship that must have seen Something amazing, a boy falling out of the sky, had somewhere to get to and sailed calmly on. 美术馆 查良铮 译 关于苦难他们总是很清楚的， 这些古典画家：他们多么深知它在 人心中的地位，深知痛苦会产生， 当别人在吃，在开窗，或正作着无聊的散步的时候； 深知当老年人热烈地、虔敬地等候 神异的降生时，总会有些孩子 并不特别想要他出现，而却在 树林边沿的池塘上溜着冰。

他们从不忘记： 即使悲惨的殉道也终归会完结 在一个角落，乱糟糟的地方， 在那里狗继续过着狗的生涯，而迫害者的马 把无知的臀部在树上摩擦。

在勃鲁盖尔的《伊卡鲁斯》里，比如说； 一切是多么安闲地从那桩灾难转过脸： 农夫或许听到了堕水的声音和那绝望的呼喊， 但对于他，那不是了不得的失败； 太阳依旧照着白腿落进绿波里； 那华贵而精巧的船必曾看见 一件怪事，从天上掉下一个男孩， 但它有某地要去，仍静静地航行。

美术馆 余光中 译 说到苦难，他们从未看错， 古代那些大师：他们深切体认 苦难在人世的地位；当苦难降临， 别人总是在进食或开窗或仅仅默然走过； 当长者正虔诚地、热烈地等， 等奇迹降临，总有孩子们 不特别期待它发生，正巧 在林边的池塘上溜冰： 大师们从不忘记 即使可怖的殉道也必须在一隅 独自进行，在杂乱的一隅 一任狗照常过狗的日子，酷吏的马匹 向一颗树干摩擦无辜的后臀。

例如布鲁果的《伊卡瑞斯》，众人 都悠然不顾那劫难，那农夫可能 听见了水波溅洒，呼救无望， 但是不当它是惨重的牺牲；阳光灿照， 不会不照见白净的双腿没入碧湛 的海波；那豪华优雅的海舟必然看见 一幕奇景，一童子自天而降， 却有路要赶，仍安详地向前航行。

ABOUT THE POEM: meaning:The basic premise of the poem is response to tragedy, or as the song goes "Obla Di, Obla Da, Life Goes On." The title refers to the Museum of Fine Arts in Brussels. Auden visited the museum in 1938 and viewed the painting by Brueghel, which the poem is basically about. Generalizing at first, and then going into specifics the poem theme is the apathy with which humans view individual suffering.Auden wrote that "In so far as poetry, or any of the arts, can be said to have an ulterior purpose, it is, by telling the truth, to disenchant and disintoxicate."The poem juxtaposes ordinary events and exraordinary ones, although extraordinary events seem to deflate to everyday ones with his descriptions. Life goes on while a "miraculous birth occurs", but also while "the disaster" of Icarus's death happens. background info:For those cultural barbarians who don't know the story of Icarus, here it is, in condensed form. Icarus was a Greek mythological figure, also known as the son of Daedalus (famous for the Labyrinth of Crete). Now Icarus and his dad were stuck in Crete, because the King of Crete wouldn't let them leave. Daedalus made some wings for the both of them and gave his son instruction on how to fly (not too close to the sea, the water will soak the wings, and not too close to the sky, the sun will melt them). Icarus, however, appeared to be obstinate and did fly to close to the sun. This caused the wax that held his wings to his body to melt. Icarus crashed into the sea and died. hints:Some have even claimed to find hints of Auden's eventual reconversion to Christiantiy in the poem. Richard Johnson, author of "Man's Place: An Essay on Auden", believes there is a touch of Christian awareness in the poem, especially the timeline. The reader of the poem is placed in front of the Breughel painting in a museum, and at the same time is expected to project those images and truths to the world outside. There is also a sort of continuity through the poem as you read it and are allowed to see what the poet means. This allows a reader to become aware of his human position.The poem first discusses a "miraculous birth", and at the end "the tragedy" of a death. The theme in the poem is human suffering. If you add these things together, and stir really well you might even get some hints at religion, mainly at Christianity Also, the poem suggest a religious acceptance of suffering (example: eating your morning breakfast while watching coverage of a serious trainwreck on CNN). Religious acceptance basically means coming to terms with the ways of the world. [No.3] 西罗普郡少年- []A SHROPSHIRE LAD XXXI. "On Wenlock Edge the wood's in trouble..."by A. E. Housman (1859-1936) On Wenlock Edge the wood's in trouble;His forest fleece the Wrekin heaves;The gale, it plies the saplings double,And thick on Severn snow the leaves.'Twould blow like this through holt and hangerWhen Uricon the city stood:'Tis the old wind in the old anger,But then it threshed another wood.Then, 'twas before my time, the RomanAt yonder heaving hill would stare:The blood that warms as English yeoman,The thoughts that hurt him, they were there.There, like the wind through woods in riot,Through him the gale of life blew high;The tree of man was never quiet:Then 'twas the Roman, now 'tis I.The gale, it plies the saplings double,It blows so hard, 'twill soon be gone:To-day the Roman and his troubleAre ashes under Uricon.A.E.Housman简介：Alfred Edward Housman was born in a village in rural Shropshire, England in 1859. As a student at Oxford, he distinguished himself as a promising scholar of classics, though crises of a personal nature caused him to fail his final exams. Housman was determined to overcome this failing. When not working at the British Patent office Housman wrote scholarly articles, and published many of them to very high regard from those in academic circles. He was invited to teach at the University of London as a professor of Latin, and soon stepped up to Cambridge University, to retire to the life of a shy academic. He published only two volumes of poetry --A Shropshire Lad in 1898 and Last Poems in 1922 -- yet these were instantly and enormously popular. However successful he was, the tone of his poems remained that of the Latin poets he admired: that life is short and often, inexplicably, comes to a bad end.另外，八十多年前郁达夫也曾提到过A Shropshire Lad：啊呵，去年六月在灯火繁华的上海市外，在车马喧嚷的黄浦江边，我一边念着Housman的A Shropshire Lad里的Come you home a heroOr come not home at all，The lads you leave will mind YouTill Ludlow tower shall fall 几句清诗， 一边呆呆的看着江中黝黑混浊的流水，曾经发了几多的叹声，滴了几多的眼泪。

你若知道我那时候的绝望的情怀，我想你去年的那几封微有怨意的信也不至于发给我了。

——啊，我想起了，你是不懂英文的，这几句诗我顺便替你译出吧。

“汝当衣锦归，否则永莫回，令汝别后之儿童望到拉德罗塔毁。

”摘自：《茑萝行》（原载一九二三年五月一日《创造季刊》第二卷第一号，据《达夫短篇小说集》上册）[No.4] 鼓手霍奇- []Drummer Hodge by Thomas HardyThey throw in Drummer Hodge, to restUncoffined – just as found:His landmark is a kopje-crestThat breaks the veldt around;And foreign constellations westEach night above his mound.Young Hodge the Drummer never knew –Fresh from his Wessex home –The meaning of the broad Karoo,The Bush, the dusty loam,And why uprose to nightly viewStrange stars amid the gloam.Yet portion of that unknown plainWill Hodge forever be;His homely Northern breast and brainGrow to some Southern tree,And strange-eyed constellation reignHis stars eternally. 鼓手霍奇  托玛斯·哈代 吕志鲁译 鼓手霍奇被扔进坑里掩埋，  正如找到时那样，没有棺材：  他的坟地是南非的一座小山，  把周围的平原稍稍撕开；  这坟墓上空的每个夜晚，  异国的星座在西边摆开。

 刚从威塞克斯老家来到这里，  年轻的鼓手霍奇弄不明白，  灌木丛丛，沃土扬尘，  广阔干旱的高原意义何在？

 昏暗的黑夜茫茫一片，  闪烁的星座好生奇怪。

 正是这无名平原的一角，  霍奇将要长眠，永不离开；  他将长成一棵南方的大树，  带着北方质朴的头脑、胸怀，  任凭星星闪烁陌生的眼睛，  把他的命运永远主宰。

[No.5] 不言的渴望- [] Leaves of Grass289. The Untold Want By Walt Whitman (1819–1892) THE untold want, by life and land ne’er granted, Now, Voyager, sail thou forth, to seek and find.

原创勿转。

本片具有了一切英国精英教育的影子：男校（同龄女生的缺席），推崇美的教师，上一流大学的压倒性的任务，精英式的同性爱。

但是本片的各位男主角却缺少了那种显而易见的精英气息和使命，他们与普通的大男生没啥差别，整天作弄老师，说黄色笑话，吊儿郎当，各种低级地卖腐。

在精英的设定下，这群大男生的作为也可谓是一种讽刺。

本片初现的仿佛是两种教育理念的对立。

一方是Hector，一方是校长和Irwin。

（其实校长与Irwin也不尽一致，但在此先二元分）。

但到最后，我们发现，这不是一个关于政治讽刺、双方博弈的故事。

Hector是一个极有意思的角色。

Hector认为，教学的目的就是让学生真正热爱文学。

他代表的其实是英国传统的精英教学理念。

(讽刺的是，他是谢菲尔德大学毕业的，嘴上不说，但他心底却有着精英的崇拜情结)这里先说一下，20世纪英国的公学里曾流行着“同性恋崇拜”。

“公学成为神话，与之相关的同性恋从中国找到一种合法性和荣耀。

”而男孩们致力上的剑桥牛津则是“同性恋崇拜的象征”。

“多数教授鼓励男性之爱……他们要求将对男孩的爱意作为从古希腊衍生来的哲学理想，把它理想化，以至去除了所有感性和具体的性含义。

”这种同性恋崇拜的遗风一直在流传。

Hector高大而臃肿，头发花白，一个想象中那睿智的学者形象在银幕上看来又是有点古板和猥琐的。

(Hector这个名称也是很有意思的，Hector是荷马史诗中的特洛伊民族英雄，被学生称为Hector有什么讽刺的意味，我也搞不清楚。

)他有着英国历来的同性恋崇拜（男同性恋没女人的事）情结，认为同性恋是“一种高尚活动、纯洁的理想，”尊崇柏拉图，王尔德，奥登。

电影中多次出现了奥登，奥登本人曾就读格雷沙姆公学和牛津大学，是20-30年代英国同性恋崇拜的代表之一。

而那首“眠歌- Lullaby ”也是奥登献给情人的。

但是那个课堂上高尚地、忘我地朗诵诗篇的、将同性恋无限升华的Hector在生活中却不是那个样子的。

他在上法语课的时候纵容男生去表演妓院的情景（天你暗爽死了吧）。

甚至最爱开摩托车载男生回家（还挑男生的相貌。

），然后趁机去摸他们的蛋蛋。

天，他还有妻子！

终于有一天，他摸学生蛋蛋被交警看到了，他要被炒鱿鱼了，他还辩解说“知识传播本身就是带有色情意味”。

校长极度生气，大喊“去他的文艺复兴、去他的柏拉图、去他的米开朗基罗、去他的王尔德！

”还有梅乐思大喊：“你摸了学生的蛋蛋就是摸了，不要狡辩！

”这段我十分钟爱，就这么一句话，把Hector那似乎富有深度见解的狡辩给揭露了，把知识分子用华美的语言包装的龌蹉的行为给揭露了！

一下子什么鬼王尔德，那不齿的行为都在阳光下被刨开！

（有人知道，当年王尔德被判刑的依据最主要不是和波西搞基而是他四处嫖男妓么……虽然我很喜欢王尔德，但我还是要揭他老底）还有一幕，极能说明Hector的个性。

在Hector和Irwin共同上课的时候，他们与学生讨论犹太人屠杀。

Hector第一反应就是“天呀，你怎么可以跟学生讨论犹太人屠杀”。

然后他说“他们会在集中营拍照留念吗，他们会笑吗？

会牵手吗？

这些都不是合适”然后他激动地说“为什么我们不能直截了当地谴责集中营惨绝人寰、史无前例？

”“如此之类……殉难者仅仅化作一个微不足道的缩略词”。

这个不单单是反应了文学与历史对阐述历史事件之争，而且反应了文学对历史式的阐述的不齿。

Hector认为历史不应该被解释、不应被分解，他认为沉痛的沉默足矣。

当然我认为两者皆有可取之处，能够统一文学的情感表达和历史式的理性分析最好，但是我也认为Hector对历史的厌恨、理解过于偏激。

Hector此处表现的是作为文人的悯天怜人、也反应了他活在文人式的自我沉湎中。

毕竟，在社会实用性方面，历史的阐释远远重要过文人的沉醉。

有位男生说得好，他说“我觉得文人都是生活中的失败者”。

总结一下，Hector就是一个情感丰富、睿智的学者，同时也有着文人的懦弱、抑郁和自我沉湎。

再说说Irwin。

Irwin的教育方式我比较喜欢，再说想要考上剑桥牛津也没什么错。

最有意思的是，Irwin谎称他是牛津大学毕业的，其实他是布里斯托大学毕业的。

这也反应了他内心对牛津大学的精英意识的渴求。

再说说关于“讽刺”。

片中几处对比很有意思， Hector是谢菲尔德大学毕业的，但他却有着牛津剑桥的传统—同性恋崇拜；Hector表面要装着圣洁的同性爱人的形象，内里最爱摸学生蛋蛋，然后Dakin却直截了当地对Irwin说“你要给我口交吗”这种表面装逼和直接淫荡形成了绝妙对比；Irwin是校长钦点的让学生上牛津剑桥的老师，他自己却是Bristol的……但是这种讽刺是隔皮瘙痒的、矛盾的。

男生们（应该说是英国男生）一边厌恶着这个污浊的阶级社会的势力和虚伪，一边又迷恋着、向往着自己的优越地位。

他们一边憎恨着，一边迷恋着（青少年的传统）。

他们一边不齿Hector的非礼，一边又觉得能坐上他的后座很有趣、有意思；梅乐思老师高喊着“在女人眼中，历史没有在男人眼中那样趣味横生，为什么会这样？

因为她们没有地位……历史就是对众多无能男人的评述。

历史式什么？

历史就是女人亦步亦趋地跟在男人后面。

”大力批评了这个父权社会（特指英国），但是在戏中，背景设定在男校，女性角色少得可怜，在梅乐思说话时,Irwin还在跟Dakin调情；他们一边瞧不起学校逼着他们上牛津，但是却暗暗努力；一边觉得Irwin老师很有睿智，一边又试图勾引老师……到片尾，一切角色也竟在学生考上牛津后，重归于好，和和气气，仿佛之前的一切从没发生，一切回归到原点……最后，此片决不能视为探讨两种教育方式的片子，也不是什么大书讽刺的电影。

这不过是英国青少年在“高考”大背景下的一些青春骚动而已。

此电影向我们展示了英国师生关系中的一面，但却没有倾向，更像是轻松的幽默讽刺，即同时讽刺了Irwin和Hector，由同时赞扬了他们。

就是这种幽默讽刺的设定，让观众有些许的“科普”，也注定这部电影的深度不足。

参考：欧洲同性恋史 （法）弗洛朗斯*塔玛涅著 周莽译

好久没有能有时间看电影，更不用说写些什么。

象以往的很多次一样，英国背景的小品电影，又一次打动我。

The History Boys 来头不小，由新鲜夺得2005年劳伦斯.奥立佛大奖最佳新编舞台剧、最佳导演及最佳男主角三项大奖的舞台剧改编而来。

20世纪80年代，英国的YORK郡，男孩子门在发芽萌动的心痒痒的夏天，却要面对进入牛津剑桥的严酷挑战，一边是带他们进入艺术世界却也不时骚扰他们的同性恋老教授HECKTOR，一边是新闯入这所沉闷学校的英俊牛津毕业生老师，吸引着最优秀的漂亮男生的目光。

在严谨和感性的对抗中，戏剧中锤炼出的台词如同颗颗珍珠一般闪亮而优雅。

爱情，永远是这个年纪的孩子没有接受却必须经过的必修课。

DAKIN原来的骄傲是接近校长的美女小秘的三垒，却在感激和欣赏之中发现自己最想取悦的是年轻的新老师IRWIN，在拿到牛津的OFFER之后和IRWIN单独相处的对话，咄咄逼人的火辣辣的对话，也许是他之后一生都不会有的表白。

一直明恋着DAKIN的POSNER，BE WITCHED的歌曲被他演绎的深情无比，他的无结果的单恋和对IRWIN的嫉妒竟然没有一点灰色的悲伤，反而在最后的毕业时分，因为DAKIN一个理解的拥抱依然笑靥盛开。

他知道自己是什么样的人，也因而理解HECKTOR的苦楚，对于太多不能表示的爱或者情感，也许只有温和的注视和在别人哭泣的时候能够轻轻拍拍他的肩膀。

而也是他在最后，把HECKTOR的精神传承了下去，静静的承受，用不多的天才传递着爱，如他所讲：I AM NOT HAPPY， BUT I AM NOT UNHAPPY ABOUT IT。

即便是IRWIN，在最开始就被看破的漂亮老师，不管是不是有了勇气真的去追求性取向里的那份冲动，毕竟不会再在名校毕业里的谎言继续一个自己并不最爱的工作，而是去做了一个记者，去讲述自己看到和相信的世界。

教育中，什么是有用的，而什么又是值得的？

历史是不是真的有其真实，或者只是一连串可能的堆砌？

而面对每个人自己的历史，而如何去书写他？

导演并没有树立一个万世师表的标杆，或一群天天向上的好学生，并不想给出任何答案。

只是一个老爷爷，一个年轻教师和一群真实的年轻人的夏天。

突然WONDER为什么涉及到同性话题的电影总离不开夏天，也许这种时候，一切都肆意生长，有种种理由去不拒绝诱惑，或者仅仅是因为，生命，其实也都应该有一季绽放，甚至不为了结果。

电影的结尾,又一首注定要象CLOSER里面的BLOWERS DAUGHTER一样要被我记得的歌曲,同性恋歌手Rufus Wainwright翻唱的JAZZ老歌Bewitched,JAZZ就象爱情本身,被无数的人演绎,但总有一个人会有最让你心动的味道。

那一刻，就象HECKTOR所形容，象有一只手穿越层层时空，握住你的手，然后你知道，茫茫人海你并不寂寞。

原谅我又一次Bewitched BY 那些闪亮的台词，让我用HECKTOR最痛恨而IRWIN最喜欢的摘句来结束这文章：LOVE APART IS THE ONLY EDUCATION THAT WORTH HAVING.PASS IT ON，BOYS，TAKE IT，FEEL IT，PASS IT ON

影片改编自同名话剧，该话剧在上演后的一年内场场爆满，一票难求，并斩获了当年的欧洲舞台最高奖托尼奖。

导演也执导了多部英国皇家剧院的舞台剧，影片中詹姆斯戈登饰演的胖子有另一部舞台剧我们或许更熟悉 ——《一仆二主》，同样一票难求，场场爆满。

也为戈登拿下了第一座托尼奖最佳男主角。

影片更像尖子生版的《垫底辣妹》，欢乐版《死亡诗社》，东亚关于高三的记忆都是不停的考试背单词，在欧洲岛国英国却有一群人讨论哈代、维特根斯坦、叶芝、王尔德考上了世界上最好的两所大学牛津与剑桥，不由得感叹人生的际遇如此不同。

影片中的学生表现更是能让所有中国学生自惭形秽，是的，就连北大清华的也不例外。

因为他们如此灵动，我们如此贫瘠。

1.引经据典，妙语连珠只摘抄几句影片中的对话就可知道学生们的台词多么妙语连珠。

Euphemism…(is) A verbal fig-leaf.委婉的说法。。

是口头上的遮羞布。

“All knowledge is precious whether or not it serves the slightest human use”—A.E.Housman所有的知识都是宝贵的，不管对人类的贡献是多么微薄 －A.E.霍斯曼And all this mourning has veiled the truth. It’s not so much lest we forget, as lest we remember.There’s no better way of forgetting something than by commemorating it. 所有的悲痛都掩盖了事实，不是怕我们忘记，是怕我们想起，纪念是让人遗忘的最好方法。

Sir. I don’t always understand poetry.I never understand it. But learn it now, know it now and you’ll understand it whenever. And then you will have the antidote ready! Grief. Happiness. Even when you’re dying. 学生：老师，我不懂诗歌。

老师：我也从来不懂，但是现在学习，开始了解，早晚会懂的。

到时候你会有了解药！

悲伤，快乐，甚至当你行将就木时。

我们学诗歌睡为了考试默写拿满分，他们学诗歌在日常生活中信手拈来，绣口一吐便是半个欧洲。

2.重塑个人历史观二战的起源是什么？

德国一战的战败？

希特勒的上台？

民粹主义政党的兴起？

这些都是历史书上的标准答案。

但抛开标准答案之后，你能找出新的角度吗？

我们面对的历史是一个个事实，要紧的是用何种历史观看待它。

二战期间丘吉尔上台，但当时呼声更高的是另一个人，仅仅因为他牙齿不好，机缘巧合之下选择了丘吉尔。

要是那个人的牙医更专业些，我们可能就会被纳粹彻底统治。

如何看待集中营？

如何评价希特勒？

除了教课书认为的美，还有什么不为人知的美？

……这些问题从来没有人问过我们，我们何必问，记标准答案就行。

3.青春之歌影片中最动人的一幕是波斯在文学课上借歌表白。

《Bewitched》I'll sing to him, each spring to him, I'll sing to him, each spring to him, 我会对他唱歌，每一个春天都对他唱，And worship the trousers that cling to him, 羡慕那个可以紧挨着他的裤子，Bewitched, bothered and bewildered am I, 被迷惑，困扰且不知所措，那就是我。

对方不喜欢自己也不必强求，为了考上牛津的拥抱奖励，就足以奋斗整个学期。

为了感谢老师，毕业后某个大胆的男孩对老师说：“你为我口交”。

大胆粗俗，辞藻华丽都是同一个人。

这是一首单纯美好的青春之歌。

4.教育的意义教育的意义是什么？

考上好大学？

读书的意义是什么？

作文拿高分？

当然不是。

但为什么我们要一直沿着错误走下去。

陈词滥调我不必说，但在学校教育之外，如何自我教育应当是每一个人都思考并践行的人生道路。

最后用一首诗结束这篇影评。

瓦尔登湖选段(梭罗)我步入丛林因为我希望生活得有意义我希望活得深刻吸取生命中所有的精华把非生命的一切都击溃以免当我生命终结发现自己从没有活过

Quotations and References: Act One (Page numbers refer to the 2004 paperback Faber & Faber edition. List compiled by Tudor Economic Documents.)p5"All knowledge is precious whether or not it serves the slightest human use." - HectorA.E. Housman"Loveliest of trees, the cherry now." - HectorA Shropshire Lad, A.E. Housmanp6"Wash me in steep-down gulfs of liquid fire!" - HectorOthello, Othello, William Shakespeare, Act V, Scene 2"I have put before you life and death, blessing and cursing: therefore choose life, that both thou and thy seed may live." - HectorDeuteronomy 30:19p7"Look up, My Lord.""Vex not his ghost. O let him pass. He hates himThat would upon the rack of this tough worldStretch him out longer.""O, he is gone indeed.""The wonder is he hath endured so long.He but usurped this life...""...I have a journey sir, shortly to go;My master calls me, I must not say no." - Hector"The weight of this sad time we must obeySpeak what we feel, not what we ought to say."- Edgar (Posner), Kent (Timms/Hector), King Lear, William Shakespeare, Act V, Scene 3Hymns Ancient and Modern - a Church of England hymnal.p9Renaissance Man - answers.com: "A man who has broad intellectual interests and is accomplished in areas of both the arts and the sciences."p12Although the script does not make it clear, Posner here sings the chorus of L'Accordéoniste, a song popularised by Edith Piaf.p13La Vie en Rose - 1946 song, Edith Piaf's signature song. (lyrics)p23The Catcher in the Rye - a novel by J.D. Salinger."Let each child that's in your care-""Have as much neurosis as the child can bear." - Hector and Mrs LintottW.H. Auden, Letter to Lord ByronHecatomb - like holocaust, a word associated with sacrifice. In this sense, 'holocaust' refers to an animal sacrifice by fire.p24"...since Wilfred Owen says men were dying like cattle, [hecatombs] is the appropriate word." - DakinReferring to Wilfred Owen's famous WWI poem, Anthem for a Doomed Youth.Trench warfare - static lines of defence in war, with each side basing soldiers in trenches as a means of defence.Haig - Field Marshal Douglas Haig, nicknamed 'Butcher of the Somme', one of the more controversial figures in WWI."The humiliation of Germany at Versailles." - refers to the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, a formal peace treaty with Germany at the close of WWI. It included that Germany take full responsibility for the war and imposed several restrictions of territorial, military and economic matters."Ruhr and the Rhineland." - refers to the Ruhr Crisis. France sent forces to occupy the Ruhr, an area in the north of the Rhineland, in an effort to force Germany to once again make reparation payments, which they stopped in 1923. Britain and the United States did not support this action."The collapse of the Weimar Republic" - in the late 1920s and early 1930s, towards the beginning of depression in Germany, the Weimar Republic saw the rise of the popularity of the Nazi party.p25The Cenotaph - The Cenotaph in Whitehall, London is where the national ceremony takes place on Remembrance Sunday (11th November, the day hostilities ceased in the First World War).The Last Post - a bugle call used to commemorate those who have died in war. It is sounded on Remembrance Sunday following the two minutes' silence.Passchendaele - refers to the 1917 battle of Passchendaele. Dakin is referring to Haig's controversial campaign, in which damage was inflicted to the German Army at great expense to the lives of British troops.The Somme - refers to the 1916 Battle of the Somme. Exact casualty figures vary, but several hundred thousand were killed in battle, a large proportion of these on the first day. Again, blame was laid upon Haig's leadership.The Unknown Soldier - the Unknown Soldier is an unidentified soldier killed in battle, buried with full military honours as a symbol of all the unidentified soldiers killed in battle. The British tomb dedicated to the 'Unknown Warrior' is found in London, and contains the body of an unidentified soldier killed in the First World War.Siegfried Sassoon - an English poet famous for his anti-war poetry."If any question why we died,Tell them because our fathers lied." - IrwinCommon Form, Rudyard KiplingRembrandt - Dutch painter, 1606 - 1669.p27"Those long uneven linesStanding as patientlyAs if they were stretched outsideThe Oval or Villa Park,The crowns of hats, the sunOn moustached archaic facesGrinning as if it were allAn August Bank Holiday lark...""...Never such innocence,Never before or since,As changed itself to pastWithout a word--the menLeaving the gardens tidy,The thousands of marriages,Lasting a little while longer:Never such innocence again." - Scripps, Lockwood, Akthar, Posner, Timms.MCMXIV, Philip Larkin.p28Western Front - the term used in WWI and WWII to describe the frontier between the Allied Forces and Germany.p29Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered - 1940s song with lyrics by Lorenz Hart and Richard Rogers. Features in the musical Pal Joey.p30"O villainy! Let the door be locked!Treachery! Seek it out." - Hector Hamlet, William Shakespeare, Act V, Scene 2The Trial - a novel by Franz Kafka, about a man arrested and charged with a crime he knows nothing about."The person from Porlock" - a reference to the story of the visitor to Coleridge during the writing of Kubla Khan, resulting in the poem's incomplete status."Don Giovanni: the Commendatore" - Don Giovanni is an opera by Mozart and Lorenzo da Ponte. Il Commendatore is a significant character in the work."Behold, I stand at the door and knock." - ScrippsRevelation 3:20p31"Did the knights knock at the door of Canterbury before they murdered Beckett?" - HectorThomas Beckett, the Archbishop of Canterbury (1162 - 1170) was assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral. He was later canonised in 1173.Now, Voyager - a 1942 film starring Bette Davis and Paul Henreid, about a woman who falls in love whilst in therapy after a nervous breakdown.p32"The untold want by life and land ne'er granted,Now voyager sail thou forth to seek and find." - HectorLeaves of Grass, Walt Whitman.p33The Carry On films - a series of British comedy films, parodies of famous historical and literary events or people. They are famous for their excessive use of double entendres in dialogue and slapstick comedy.p34George Orwell - an English author and journalist, who was famous for his political and social commentary in his essays and novels.p35Stalin - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Part from 1922 to 1953, effectively becoming a dictator by the late 1920s.Henry VIII - Second Tudor King of England, reigning from 1491 - 1547. Responsible for the introduction of Protestantism to England."Mrs Thatcher" - Margaret Thatcher, British Prime Minister from 1975-1990. She was the first (and, thus far, only) female Prime Minister in Britain.Pearl Harbour - the attack on Pearl Harbour took place in 1941, when the Japanese attacked the American naval base at that location. Franklin Roosevelt, the President at the time, delivered the Infamy Speech condemning the attack.Francis Bacon - English philosopher, knighted by James I in 1603.p36"Turner, then, or Ingres." - IrwinJ. M. W. Turner was an English painter in the Romantic movement. Jean Ingres was a French painter working in the 1880s."About suffering they were never wrong,The Old Masters...how it takes placeWhile someone else is eating or opening a window..." - TimmsMusée des Beaux Arts, W. H. Auden.p37"Breaking bread with the dead, sir. That's what we do." - Akthar- from the statement "Art is breaking bread with the dead", by W. H. Auden.The Mikado - an opera by Gilbert and Sullivan, first opening in 1885."The heart has its reasons of which reason knows nothing."Pensées, a philosophical work by Blaise Pascal.p38"We're not just a hiccup between the end of university and the beginning of life, like Auden are we, sir?" - LockwoodAuden was a schoolteacher."Lay your sleeping head, my love,Human on my faithless arm." - DakinLullaby, W. H. Auden"England, you have been here too long,And the songs you sing are the songs you sungOn a braver day. Now they are wrong." - LockwoodVoices Against England in the Night, Stevie SmithNot Waving But Drowning - a poem by Stevie Smith, published in 1957.p40Brief Encounter - a 1945 film starring Celia Johnson and Trevor Howard, telling the story of a couple, both married, who meet in a railway station and soon fall in love. This scene takes place at the end of the film, when Laura (Celia Johnson) returns to her husband, rather than the man she has just fallen in love with.p44When I Survey the Wondrous Cross - a hymn written by Isaac Watts.p45Matins - Early morning or late night prayers, a feature of many Christian denominations."A painter of the Umbrian schoolDesigned upon a gesso groundThe nimbus of the Baptized God.The wilderness is cracked and brownedBut through the water pale and thinStill shine the unoffending feetAnd there above the painter setThe Father and the Paraclete." - ScrippsMr Eliot's Sunday Morning Service, T. S. EliotPiero della Francesca - an Italian Renaissance artist.p47Nietzsche - a German philosopher, writing in the 1800s.p51"After such knowledge, what forgiveness?" - HectorGerontion, T.S. Eliot.p52"The tree of man was never quiet:Then 'twas the Roman, now 'tis I." - HectorOn Wenlock Edge, A. E. Housman"To think that two and two are fourAnd neither five nor threeThe heart of man has long been soreAnd long 'tis like to be." - HectorA Shropshire Lad, A. E. Housmanp53Plato - an ancient Greek philosopher, who wrote about the teachings of Socrates. The notion of Platonic love is found, in one example, in his discussion of the relationship between Socrates and the young Alcibiades.Michelangelo - Italian Renaissance artist. He is famous focus upon the aesthetic of male beauty and the homoeroticism which may be found in his work.Oscar Wilde - English playwright and poet of the nineteenth century. He was famously tried and sentenced for his homosexuality.p54Rupert Brooke - an English poet, most famous for his First World War poetry. Posner here quotes the opening of his poem The Soldier.p55"The Zulu Wars" - a reference to the war between the Zulus and the United Kingdom in the 1870s."The Boer War" - refers to either the first or the second Boer wars, fought between the British Empire and the Boer Republics in the late 1800s.p57"The words of Mercury are harsh after the songs of Apollo." - HectorLove's Labour's Lost, William Shakespeare, Act V, Scene 2---以上是quote的quote=)from: http://www.subjunctive-history.co.uk ,是这部剧的专门网站